The results of this procedure will now appear in an SPSS Output Viewer window (Figure 3.13). This section informs the user about the method of entering a string type of variable or a numeric type of variable in an SPSS data file. The number of rows necessary for the analysis will correspond to the number of subjects (This study will require 20 rows since there … Put the percent variable into Dependent, and the group variable into Independent. SPSS is referred to as the Statistical Package for Social Science. Analyze any type of qualitative and quantitative data using SPSS with confidence. In this article it will be demonstrated how SPSS can come up with a cross table and do a Chi-square test in both situations. Or check the option that you are entering percentages and enter 90 and 10, rather than 67.5 and 7.5. There are options to report percentages (row, column, cell), specify decimal places, produce Chi-square, Fisher, and McNemar tests of independence, report expected and residual values (pearson, standardized, adjusted standardized), include missing values as valid, annotate with row and column titles, and format as SAS or SPSS style output! SPSS v12.
This text uses screenshots from the Windows version of SPSS.
This tutorial will show you how to use SPSS version 12.0 to perform binomial tests, Chi-squared test with one variable, and Chi-squared test of independence of categorical variables on nominally scaled data. INTRODUCTION TO SPSS Suresh T S I M.Com 314 2.
Injection To Prevent Blood Clots After Surgery,Ĭlick Save As at the top of the page. Just make sure you use percentage of the total sample, not percentage of the row totals, as we did for Chi-square.Entering percentages in spss Injection To Prevent Blood Clots After Surgery, But if changing to percentages makes interpretation easier, that’s fine too. In the McNemar test, we can compare counts directly, because the comparison is not based on row totals. We want to know whether the people who change answers do so randomly or not. The 215 people who said no at both time points and the 380 people who said Yes at both are irrelevant to this comparison. If the treatment is having no effect, the number of people who move from No to Yes should be about equal to those who move in the other direction.īut if there is a direction to the movement, one of those purple boxes will be different from the other. We want to test whether the treatment worked to change people from Yes to No.īut the McNemar recognizes that some people will move from Yes to No and others from No to Yes just randomly. Now we’re comparing whether someone experiences joint pain before and after some treatment. Here is a table with the exact same counts, but different variables. It’s generally used in repeated measures or paired data situations. The McNemar is not testing for independence, but consistency in responses across two variables. All others I’m calling non-runners for simplicity. *As a non-runner myself, I’m being strict here in the definition of a “runner” as someone who runs at least 25k/week.
(Feel free to check the p-value on this example). Since our percentages aren’t the same, we conclude that running and joint pain are associated. So if those percentages were the same, we’d conclude the two variables are not associated. If those percentages were the same, the chi-square test statistic would be zero and it would mean that whether someone runs tells you nothing about whether they have joint pain. A higher proportion of runners than non-runners are experiencing joint pain. In other words, the 75 non-runners answering Yes to Joint Pain represent 26% of the 290 non-runners*.īut 33% of the 1165 Runners said Yes, they’ve experienced joint pain. You’ll notice each of these percentages is based on the row total. The chi-square statistic itself is calculated based on the counts of people in each of those four cells of the table and their subsequent row and column totals.īut the comparison it essentially boils down to is the comparison of the two purple percentages. The Chi-Square will test whether Experiencing Joint Pain is associated with running more than 25km/week. Here’s an example of a contingency table that would typically be tested with a Chi-Square Test of Independence: So we’re going to restrict the comparison to 2×2 tables. This is basically true, and I wanted to show you how these two tests differ and what exactly, each one is testing.įirst of all, although Chi-Square tests can be used for larger tables, McNemar tests can only be used for a 2×2 table. You may have heard of McNemar tests as a repeated measures version of a chi-square test of independence.